Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Gene expression is dependent on multiple steps, including transcription, RNA processing, and translation. Importantly, recent studies revealed that gene expression is regulated by chromatin structures and non-coding RNA profiles. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms may contribute to the development of novel therapeutics for aging-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. This book provides a comprehensive overview of gene expression and its role in human disease. It consists of nine chapters organized into two sections on molecular mechanisms in controlling gene expression and the relationships between transcriptional control and human disease.

Genetic regulation. --- Gene expression.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Plant genetics --- Plants --- Genetics --- Plant gene expression --- Plant genetic regulation --- Plant gene expression. --- Plant genetic regulation. --- Plant genetics. --- Genes, Plant. --- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant. --- Genetic regulation --- Plant cellular control mechanisms --- Plant molecular genetics --- Gene expression --- Regulation, Gene Expression, Plant --- Plant Gene Expression Regulation --- Regulation of Gene Expression, Plant --- Plant Genes --- Gene, Plant --- Plant Gene --- Genome, Plant --- Regulation --- Plant Ecology

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Due to their bacterial endosymbiotic origin plastids are organelles with both nuclear-encoded and plastid-encoded proteins. Therefore, a highly integrated modulation of gene expression between the nucleus and the plastome is needed in plant cell development. Plastids have retained for the most part a prokaryotic gene expression machinery but, differently from prokaryotes and eukaryotes, they have largely abandoned transcriptional control and switched to predominantly translational control of their gene expression. Some transcriptional regulation is known to occur, but the coordinate expression between the nucleus and the plastome takes place mainly through translational regulation. However, the regulatory mechanisms of plastid gene expression (PGE) are mediated by intricate plastid-nuclear interactions and are still far from being fully understood. Although, for example, translational autoregulation mechanisms in algae have been described for subunits of heteromeric protein complexes and termed control by epistasy of synthesis (CES), only few autoregulatory proteins have been identified in plant plastids. It should be noted of course that PGE in C. reinhardtii is different from that in plants in many aspects. Another example of investigation in this research area is to understand the interactions that occur during RNA binding between nucleus-encoded RNA-binding proteins and the respective RNA sequences, and how this influences the translation initiation process. In addition to this, the plastid retains a whole series of mechanisms for the preservation of its protein balance (proteostasis), including specific proteases, as well as molecular chaperones and enzymes useful in protein folding. After synthesis, plastid proteins must rapidly fold into stable three dimensional structures and often undergo co- and posttranslational modifications to perform their biological mission, avoiding aberrant folding, aggregation and targeting with the help of molecular chaperones and proteases. We believe that this topic is highly interesting for many research areas because the regulation of PGE is not only of wide interest for plant biologists but has also biotechnological implications. Indeed, plastid transformation turns out to be a very promising tool for the production of recombinant proteins in plants, yet some limitations must still be overcome and we believe that this is mainly due to our limited knowledge of the mechanisms in plastids influencing the maintenance of proteostasis.

plastome --- regulation --- nuclear-plastid interactions --- gene expression --- protein balance

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Sixty years after the ""central dogma,"" great achievements have been developed in molecular biology. We have also learned the important functions of noncoding RNAs and epigenetic regulations. More importantly, whole genome sequencing and transcriptome analyses enabled us to diagnose specific diseases. This book is not only intended for students and researchers working in laboratory but also physicians and pharmacists. This volume consists of 14 chapters, divided into 4 parts. Each chapter is written by experts investigating biological stresses, epigenetic regulation, and functions of transcription factors in human diseases. All articles presented in this volume by excellent investigators provide new insights into the studies in transcriptional control in mammalian cells and will inspire us to develop or establish novel therapeutics against human diseases.

Genetic regulation. --- Gene expression --- Gene expression regulation --- Gene regulation --- Biosynthesis --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Molecular genetics --- Regulation --- Life Sciences --- Human Genetics --- Molecular Genetics --- Genetics and Molecular Biology --- Biochemistry

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

iron --- iron homeostasis --- iron transport --- plant mineral nutrition --- bio-fortification --- soil biology --- regulation of gene expression